Grow Light Glossary

AGROSUN® GOLD: This metal halide bulb offers some red/orange/gold spectrum in addition to the blue spectrum, providing more of a complete spectrum. This is a WARM HALIDE, which will increase flower/fruit prodcution. Higher Increase in flowering/fruiting than the Classic version. Available in 250 watt Metal Halide and 1000 watt.

AMPERE (AMP): The unit used to measure the strength of an electric current.

ARC: The luminous discharge of electricity between two electrodes in H.I.D. lighting.

ARC TUBE: The enclosure which contains the luminous gases and also houses the arc.

BALLAST: An auxiliary piece of equipment designed to start and to properly control the flow of power to gas discharge light sources such as fluorescent an high intensity discharge lamps. In metal halide systems, it is composed of the transformer, capacitor and connecting wiring; sodium systems require and ignitor in addition to the transformer and capacitor.

BU: An industry code indication that the bulb is to operated only in a base up position.

BULB: The glass outer envelope component of and H.I.D. lamp which protects the arc tube.

CANDELAS: A unit of luminous intensity equal to 1/60 of the luminous intensity per square centimeter of a blackbody radiating at the temperature of solidification of platinum (2,046°K). Also called candle.

CANDLEPOWER (CP): The luminous intensity of a light source as expressed in candelas.

CAPACITOR: An electronic device that can store electrical charge. The capacitor is one the the main components of an H.I.D. lighting ballast. Because they can store a very strong electrical charge, capacitors can be very dangerous to someone who is unaware of this fact and opens the ballast in order to examine or repair it. If one does not know how to safely discharge the stored electricity, one should allow a trained technician to do an ballast repairs.

COLOR RENDERING INDEX (CRI): Indicates the color closest to the sun as available in the lamp. The sun = 100.

COLOR TEMPERATURE or KELVIN TEMPERATURE (K): The unit of measurement to express the color (spectrum) of light emitted by a lamp; the absolute temperature of a blackbody radiator having a chromaticity equal to that of the light source (see correlated color temperature).

CONVERSION BULB: A bulb of a certain spectrum type (e.g. sodium) specially designed to operate while used in the fixture/ballast of a different type (e.g. metal halide). The most popular conversion bulbs by far are sodium conversion bulbs, which allow one to have the sodium spectrum while still using a metal halide system.

FIXTURE: The electrical fitting used to contain the electric components of a lighting system.

FLUORESCENT LAMP: A discharge lamp in which a phosphor coating transforms ultraviolet energy into visible light. Fluorescent lamps are good for starting seedling and rooting cuttings but do not have enough intensity to sustain aggressive growth in plants in the later stages of life and are not efficient enough in their conversion of electrical power to lumens of light output. This type of light is perfect for starts (cuttings/clones) and seedlings but is a poor light source for growth and flowering, with exception of some low-light plants such a African violets (check the lighting requirements of your plants before choosing a grow light), because of low lumen output.

FOOTCANDLE: A standard measurement of light intensity, representing the amount of illuminance on a surface on foot square on which there is a uniformly distributed flux of one lumen. More simply, one footcandle of illuminance is equal to the light emitted by one candle at a distance of one foot.

FREQUENCY: The number of waves of cycles of electromagnetic radiation per second, usually measured in Hertz (Hz).

HALIDE: See Metal Halide

HALOGEN LAMP: A short name for the tungsten-halogen lamp. Halogen lamps are high pressure incandescent lamps containing halogen gases such as iodine or bromine which allow the filaments to be operated at higher temperatures and higher efficacies. While excellent for home lighting and similar applications, halogen lamps are not effective or efficient as grow lights due to their limited spectrum and high operating temperatures.

H.I.D or HID: The popular acronym for High Intensity Discharge.

HIGH OUTPUT(SUPER) LAMP: A horizontal metal halide bulb that has 12% more lumens and a longer average life expectancy than a standard universal halide lamp.

HIGH - PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP: High-pressure sodium lamps operate by igniting sodium, mercury and xenon gases within a sealed ceramic arc tube. Sodium lamps emit light energy in the yellow/red/orange regions of the spectrum; the red spectrum stimulates flowering and fruit production. Many indoor gardeners switch to sodium lamps when it is time to induce flowering or fruiting of their plants.

HOOD: The reflective cover used in conjunction with and HID lamp. The more reflectivity a hood can provide, the more effective it is.

HOR: An industry code indicating that the bulb is to be operated in a horizontal position.

HOT SPOT: The are immediately under an HID lamp where the light intensity is strongest. Hot spots cause uneven growth, but can be remedied by using light movers.

HORTILUX LAMP: A sodium lamp with added blue spectrum, encouraging strong, compacted green growth and tissue development, in addition to the red spectrum which encourages fruit/flower production. Has 5,000 more lumens than the standard sodium lamp. Available in 400 watts, 430 watts and 1000 watts.

HOT START TIME: The length of time required to bring an HID lamp to 90% light output after a short power interruption.

IGNITOR: A component of the ballast necessary for the starting of the bulb in sodium systems.

INTENSITY: A term referring to the magnitude of light energy per unit. Light intensity diminished evenly as you get farther from the source.

KELVIN TEMPERATURE (K): The unit of measurement of express the color (spectrum) of light emitted by a lamp; the absolute temperature of a blackbody radiator having a chromaticity equal to that of the light source. A standard clear metal halide HID lamp has an average Kelvin temperature rating of 4,000K (4K).

KILOWATT HOUR (kWh): A measure of electric energy. A kilowatt hour is equal to 1,000 watts of power used over a period of one hour.

LAMP: An electrically energized source of light, commonly called a bulb or tube.

LAMP LIFE: A measure of lamp performance, as measured in median hours of burning time under ANSI test conditions.

LIGHT MOVER: (e.g. Hydrofarm Light Track, Light Rail III, Sun Circle, etc.) A motorized device which moves an HID unit back and forth across the ceiling of a grow room to provide more even light distribution.

LUMEN: A measurement of light output; refers to the amount of light emitted by one foot candle that falls on one square foot of surface located at a distance of one foot from the candle.

METAL HALIDE LAMP: A high intensity discharge lamp in which the light is produced by arcing the electricity through a mixture of metal halides. The light produced by metal halide lamps is in the white-blue spectrum which encourages vegetative (leaf) growth and "bushiness" while discouraging upward growth. This is the better bulb to use in the first, vegetative phase of plant growth.

MERCUTY VAPOR LAMPS: The oldest member of the HID family, mercury vapor lamps work by arcing electricity through mercury vapor. While more efficient than incandescent, halogen and fluorescent lamps, mercury vapor lamps have the least efficient lumen-to-watt ratio of the entire HID family and an improper color spectrum for horticultural applications, making mercury vapor lamps a poor grow light choice.

PHOTOPERIOD: The relative periods of light and dark within a 24-hour period. Also referred to as daylength.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: The growth process by which plants build chemical compounds (carbohydrates) from light, energy, water and CO2 (carbon dioxide).

PHOTOTROPISM: The gravitation of a plant part toward a light source.

REFLECTOR: The term sometimes used to refer to the reflective hood of an HID lamp.

REFELCTIVITY: The measure of the reflective quality of a surface; the relative ability of a given surface to reflect away from it without absorbing, diffusing or otherwise compromising the light's quality, intensity or spectrum.

SOCKET: The threaded, wired receptacle into which an HID bulb screws.

SODIUM LAMP: See HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP

SON-AGRO: A sodium bulb which, according to the manufacturer, produces 30% more blue light than standard sodium bulbs. The 430- watt son agro bulb also emits 6% more light than the standard 400-watt lamp. Available in 270 watt and 430 watt only.

SUPER (HIGH OUTPUT) LAMP: A horizontal metal halide bulb that has 12% more lumens and a longer average life expectancy than a standard universal halide lamp.

TRANSFORMER: The component in the ballast that transforms electric current from one voltage to another.

U (UNIVERSAL): An industry code indicating that the bulb can be operated in any position; horizontally, vertically (base-up) or any other. A bulb with this designation is not as efficient as a horizontal bulb.

ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT: Light with very short wavelengths; out of the visible spectrum. A poor choice for a grow light.

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL): A private organization which tests and lists electrical and other equipment for electrical and fire safety according to recognized UL and other standards. A UL listing is not indicative of overall performance.

WATT(W): A unit used to measure electric power. One watt equals one joule per second.